Software libraries published my Ripple ($XRP) before August 2015 have rendered private keys that have undergone multiple transactions vulnerable. Researchers from the DFINITY Foundation and the University of California successfully cracked Ehtereum ($ETH), Bitcoin ($BTC) Ripple, HTTPS, and SSH private keys via biased nonces that make computation of "long-term private key trivial to compute." Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithms (ECDSA), which prohibits private key cracking in this manner, was only implemented on the Ripple network as of 2015.